The air inside our homes can surprisingly often be more polluted than the air outdoors. A variety of contaminants can accumulate, impacting our health and well-being. From everyday activities to building materials, understanding the common indoor air pollutants and knowing how to address them is crucial for creating a healthy living environment.
At Above Board, our commitment to health homes extends beyond moisture control and pest prevention – we are concerned about the very air you breathe. We believe in empowering homeowners with the knowledge to identify and address indoor air quality issues. This guide will walk you through some of the most common indoor air pollutants, their typical sources, potential health effects, and ways in which you can improve the air quality in your home. If you suspect significant air quality issues, professional testing and remediation services are available. Please contact us today for expert guidance.
Types of Indoor Air Pollutants
One of the most prevalent indoor air pollutants is particulate matter. These are miniscule airborne particles that can come from a variety of different sources, such as dust, pet dander, pollen, smoke, and emissions (such as burning a candle or incense). Inhaling fine particulate matter can irritate your respiratory system and exacerbate conditions like asthma and allergies.
Volatile Organic Compounds are another category of indoor air pollutants. These are gases emitted from a wide range of household products, including paints, varnishes, cleaning supplies, air fresheners, furniture from certain pressed woods, adhesives and at times even cosmetics. These volatile organic compounds can cause a range of health issues, from headaches and dizziness to even more serious long-term effects.
Another pollutant is a gas: carbon monoxide. It’s a colorless, odorless gas that can be deadly. Common sources include malfunctioning fuel-burning appliances such as furnaces, water heaters, stoves, and fireplaces. Proper ventilation and the installation of carbon monoxide detectors are critical for safety.
Similarly, nitrogen dioxide (NO2) is another gas pollutant often produced by gas stoves, furnaces, and other combustion appliances. High levels of NO2 can irritate the respiratory system and worsen asthma.
Another gas that can cause concern is radon. Radon is a naturally occurring radioactive gas that can seep into homes from the soil and rock beneath. It’s odorless and colorless, making testing the only way to detect its presence. Long-term exposure to radon is the leading cause of lung cancer in non-smokers.
Biological pollutants encompass a range of living or once-living organisms and their byproducts. These include mold spores, dust mites, pet dander, and bacteria and viruses. Poor ventilation and high humidity often contribute to the buildup of biological pollutants, triggering allergies and respiratory problems.
How to Address Indoor Air Pollutants
Addressing indoor air pollutants requires a multi-pronged approach.
Ventilation is essential. Increasing ventilation helps to bring fresh outdoor air in and dilute indoor pollutants. Open windows and doors when weather permits and use exhaust fans in kitchens and bathrooms. Consider whole-house ventilation systems for more consistent air exchange.
It’s also important to control the sources of allergens. The most effective way to reduce pollution is to eliminate or minimize the sources. Choose low-volatile organic compound paints and cleaning products. Avoid using strong air fresheners. Ensure fuel-burning appliances are properly maintained and vented. Regularly clean and dust your home to reduce particulate matter, pet dander, and dust mites.
Air purifiers with HEPA filters can also effectively remove particulate matter, including dust, pollen, and pet dander from the air. Activated carbon filters can help to remove some volatile organic compounds and odors. Ensure that whatever air purifier you choose is appropriately sized for the room in which it is in.
The ideal indoor humidity levels are between 30% and 50%. Maintaining this level can help prevent the growth of mold and dust mites. Use dehumidifiers in damp areas and ensure proper ventilation to help reach this ideal level.
Regularly vacuum and dust your home, paying especially good attention to carpets, upholstery and bedding where allergens can accumulate. Change your HVAC filters regularly according to the manufacturer’s recommendations.
For gases, it’s important to test your home. For example, for radon, DIY kits are available or a professional can be called. If you suspect significant air quality issues, consider having your air professionally tested for various pollutants.
Creating a healthy indoor environment is an ongoing process. By understanding the common indoor air pollutants and implementing these practical strategies, you can significantly improve the air quality in your home and protect the health of your family. If you have concerns about specific air quality issues, you shouldn’t hesitate to reach out for professional assessment and solutions tailored to your needs. Breathe easier and enjoy a healthier home.